Introduction: A Growing Concern
In recent years, a concerning trend has emerged among Japanese teenagers: a notable increase in cases of dry eye, a condition traditionally associated with older adults, now affecting the younger generation. This rise is largely attributable to the shift towards extensive screen time.
Understanding Superficial Punctate Keratopathy
In many of these young patients, I observe a condition known as superficial punctate keratopathy – small abrasions on the cornea – a telltale sign of dry eye. This condition is particularly alarming as it was rarely seen in teenagers in the past.
The Digital Age and Its Impact
The digital era has transformed how we work and live. In Japan, it’s now a common sight to see nearly everyone on buses and trains absorbed in their smartphones. This shift began around 2000 with the widespread adoption of smartphones, changing our daily behaviors dramatically.
Statistics: A Concerning Trend
Reports from Japan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and the Cabinet Office reveal a rapid increase in internet usage, especially since 2020. Alarmingly, high school students are now spending over 5 hours daily online.
Personal Stories: The Real Impact
Recently, a 13-year-old girl with high myopia visited our clinic accompanied by her mother, seeking to get contact lenses for sports activities. Upon examination, I discovered she had severe superficial punctate keratopathy, yet surprisingly, she reported no pain or discomfort. This was particularly noteworthy as she had never worn contact lenses before and had no underlying diseases or medication use that could cause dry eye.
When asked about her daily habits, she admitted to using her smartphone for over 6 hours a day. This case is not isolated. Many teenagers are similarly engaged in extensive screen time, whether for online gaming, social networking, or watching YouTube. Each story echoes a common theme: the increasing prevalence of screen-related eye issues in today’s youth.
The Challenge of Treatment
Traditionally, we treated patients with superficial punctate keratopathy by advising them to stop wearing contact lenses and prescribing artificial tears or hyaluronic acid eye drops. However, many teenagers already exhibit these symptoms before even starting to wear contact lenses.
Preventive Measures and Solutions
In addressing the trend of increased screen time and its impact on eye health, practical measures are essential. These include adhering to the 20-20-20 rule, taking regular breaks, and ensuring proper lighting for screen use. For contact lens wearers, particularly those with dry eye, I strongly recommend daily disposable (1-day) lenses. Unlike 2-week or 1-month lenses, daily disposables significantly reduce the risk of harmful bacterial and acanthamoeba infections. These organisms can adhere to lenses and cause serious eye infections, especially if the lenses are not maintained properly. Daily disposables offer a safer alternative as they are replaced daily, thus minimizing the potential for harmful deposit accumulation and subsequent infection risk.
Conclusion: A Call to Action
This emerging knowledge about the adverse effects of excessive screen time should encourage us all to be more mindful of our digital habits and seek regular eye check-ups, especially for those who use contact lenses.